Lavnyzhenkova
A., Gorbanova A., Kurinna I.
ESSENCE
OF LABOR MIGRATION
Modern
society got used to the regular exchange by various information, money, methods
of production and another "engines" of international state relations
[3]. But one of the dominant types of exchange is an exchange by labor resources, which name is labor migration. Labor
migration is rightfully considered the extremely meaningful phenomenon in the
world, the consequences of which often become reasons of plenty of sharp
problems of political and social characters in the whole world.
Word
«migration» the Latin origin means moving, relocation. A movement from one
point of country in other since earliest times was inherently to the people,
therefore international migrations were widespread from archaic times. The
basis for the emergence of such social phenomena were hikes of conquest,
nomadic cattle breeders, natural disasters, political and religious
persecutions, geographical discoveries and mastering of new territories for
vital functions [3]. Now at the obvious increase of general scales of migration
a leading role was occupied by labor migration, or migration of labor force.
Migration of labor resources is moving of population with the purpose of
employment on more favorable conditions than in the country or region of stay.
Distinguish internal migration of labor force, what be going on between the
regions of one country, and external migration is moving of people between two
and more by the states.
Mainly,
labor migration is associated with the uneven socio-economic development of
different countries. There is a shortage of personnel in rapidly developing
countries, surplus labor and unemployment in slow-moving countries, which leads
to a decrease in salaries, and, consequently, and standard of living. It is
necessary to fill the free economic areas with labor resources by importing
personnel to solve similar issues [4]. There are not
only social and economic reasons for labor migration, but also: unstable
military, political situation, high birth rate of the population,
discrimination on national, religious and racial grounds, rapid development of
scientific and technological progress [1].
The
displacement of labor is an excellent engine for the development of the
international economy. On the positive side migration guarantees the
redirection of working resources in accordance with the requirements of
actively progressing countries, concentrates an active and proactive population
in the economically important centers of the state, gives an opportunity to
seize new territories and their natural wealth, promotes the growth of
financial well-being and increase the professionalism of hundreds of millions
of people [2].
On
the negative side, the migration of personnel entails an extremely dynamic
growth of multi-population cities in recipient countries, depopulation
(reduction in the number of population), demographic aging, creates
difficulties associated with the development of migrants unfamiliar legal,
social, cultural foundations of society [4].
Based
on the foregoing, we can conclude: labor migration is the
relationship between the donor country
and the recipient
country on the basis of
mutual conclusion of the employment
contract. They can be caused by the dissatisfaction of the
financial position of the individual, the lack of available jobs, as well as
political and military conflicts.
Labor
migration is a complex and contradictory social phenomenon. Regular movement of
labor resources from one country to another is accompanied by numerous
consequences. On the one hand, migrants can temporarily find employment on the
more favorable terms in the donor country, and obtain a lifelong citizenship in
a rapidly developing recipient country. On the other hand, mass migrations are
a complex process for customs services and migrants themselves.
The list of references:
1. Gilmanov R. R Labor and employment as
institutes of socialization of modern youth / R. R Gilmanov,
O. V Aleshkina // Collected materials of the
All-Russian Youth Scientific and Practical Conference "Mathematical
methods and models in the study of public and corporate finance and financial
markets",
2. Ivanov T. D. Labour
migration of Russians: economic and social effects / T. D. Ivanova //
Problems of Forecasting. – 2008. – No. 4. – P. 82–97.
3. Ryazantsev S. V. World market and international
migration :
textbook / S. V. Ryazantsev, M. F. Tkachenko. – M. : Economics, 2010. – 303 p.
4. Ekimyan V. V. Labor migration: to whom it is
profitable / V. V. Ekimiyan // Man and Labor. – 2007.
– ¹ 3. – P.
87–88.