Mykhalchenko
THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF TRANSPORT MARKET GOVERNANCE
The
governance of transport market takes place at three levels – national,
regional, international, which together form global system of governance. Each
level plays an important role in the process of governance, because it covers
various aspects of business. We are interested to review the regional level.
The
development of international trade and elimination of trade barriers increase
the need of countries to integrate. At integration level the main purposes are to provide
stability of whole region on the world scene, stimulate the economically
effective activity within region, provide appropriate level of investment, «to eliminate
bottlenecks», and also to decrease regional losses. This level of governance is directed on the
improvement of functioning of regional market, strengthening of positions not a
state, but region, in world economy.
Cooperation of countries at integration level allows develop
transport networks from positions of general transport space of the
states-participants. The main objective of governance at the integration level includes creation of modern organization
systems in the form of unique integrated network of the centers of informative,
custom, logistic and navigation providing of transport process participants [1].
Regional governance covers transport policy of the
countries located in some certain region, mainly, in the territorial closeness. Today in the world there are
about 20 economic regional groups. The most effectively operating among them
are: in the Western Europe – the European Union (EU); in the North America – the
North American free trade agreement (NAFTA); in the South America – the
Southern Common Market (MERKOSUR); in Asian-Pacific region – Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (АPЕС); in Southeast Asia – Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) [2].
We’ll consider the regional governance of the market
of transport services in the countries of CIS and EU that form essential
interest for
The Commonwealth of Independent States is one of the regional economic
associations operating in the world which development lies in the direction of
the major world tendencies – globalization and regionalization. The effective
use of the complex of possibilities of internal and external character,
including mutually advantageous economic cooperation, opens the real prospects
of dynamic economic growing and strengthening of influence on development of
the world system before the states-participants of the CIS. Nowadays the CIS has
to answer the questions connected with determination of its place in variable
configuration of the modern world, magnification of competitiveness of national
economy of the states, transformation of Commonwealth into the regional
economic association, capable to play an essential role in the world economy.
Operation and development of transport in the CIS countries is carried out
according to their national legislation, and also strategies in transport
sphere and interconnected with the general directions of their social and
economic development. The coordination of the regional transport policy is
provided by agreements of states governance systems and realization of programs
of its development, legislation improvement in the field of transport, and also
coordinated use of transit potential. Thus realization of coordinated transport
policy considers differences in the transport systems in each state of the CIS
and directed on its alignment [3].
However the transport system of the CIS does not answer global processes on
transport. Telling about the place and the role of the CIS as conductor on the
international economic arena, it is necessary to ascertain only formally legal
side of its activity [4].
Let's pass to consideration of regional governance of the market of transport
services in the EU countries. The transport policy of EU is based on
liberalization and harmonization principles. On the one hand, the general
transport policy removes restriction for different types of transport which
exist between the countries, from another, establishes unique rules of activity
in the market that concern professional qualification, safety, social security.
The basic efforts of EU in the questions of transport policy are
concentrated in next directions: to create the trans-European network, to redistribute
the balance between types of transport, to provide necessary financing of
infrastructure, to protect environment, to increase the level of safety on
roads, to realize the special programs and so forth. However the regional
transport market of EU also has negative tendencies.
Thus, level of regional governance of transport market depends on
efficiency of the general transport policy of member-states of regional group,
from interest and effectiveness of each separate country. Level of regional governance
of the EU countries is much higher, in comparison with the CIS countries, which
is explained by the level of economic development of the whole region, quantity
of the developed legal certificates and efficiency of carrying out the common
transport policy.
References:
1. Лисица Е.С. Уровни
регулирования естественных монополий в мировой экономике (на примере ж/д транспорта) [Електронний ресурс] / Е.С. Лисица // Теоретичні і практичні
аспекти економіки та інтелектуальної власності. – 2010. – Т.1. – Режим доступу: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Tpaeiv/2010_1/40.pdf
2.
Ситнік І.В. Регіональні
інтеграційні об’єднання: передумови і завдання створення / І.В. Ситнік // Проблемы и
перспективы развития сотрудничества между странами
Юго-Восточной Европы в рамках Черноморского экономического сотрудничества и
ГУАМ. – 2009. – Т.1. – С. 323–328.
3.
Решение Экономического совета
Содружества Независимых Государств о проекте Приоритетных направлений
сотрудничества государств-участников СНГ в сфере транспорта на период до 2020
года [Електронний ресурс] // Професійна юридична система
«Мега-НАУ». – Режим доступу: http://zakon.nau.ua/doc/?uid=1014.6159.0
4.
Сёмин
П.А. Развитие международного транспортного сотрудничества в СНГ в условиях
глобализации / П.А. Сёмин // Транспорт: наука, техника, управление. – 2006. – №5. –
С. 16–20.